Anatomic.us > Skeletal System Posterior

Scapula Posterior

The scapula is the bone that makes up the shoulder blade. It is located on the back and is used to help lift the arm to the side and also to bring the arm over the chest. It forms the posterior part of the shoulder girdle. It is the bone that connects the humerus (upper arm bone0 with the clavicle (collarbone). The scapula is a paired bone that is paired to these two other bones to allow them the freedom of movement necessary to extend the arms and to support the weight carried in the arms. It is a flat bone and slightly triangular in its shape.

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Scapula Posterior

Scapula Borders:

  • The superior border is the shortest and thinnest; it is concave, and extends from the medial angle to the base of the coracoid process. It is referred to as the cranial border in animal.

  • The axillary border (or “lateral border”) is the thickest of the three. It begins above the lower margin of the glenoid cavity, and inclines obliquely (slanted at an angle) downward and backward to the inferior angle. It is referred to as the caudal border in animals.

  • The vertebral border (or “medial Border”) is the longest of the three, and extends from the medial to the inferior angle. It is referred to as the dorsal border in animals.

 

Scapula Angles:

  • The superior angle is covered by the trapezius.

  • The inferior angle is covered by the latissimus dorsi. It moves forward round the chest when the arm is abducted.

  • The lateral or glenoid angle is broad and bears the glenoid cavity or fossa, which is directed forward, laterally and slightly upwards.

 

The acromion forms the summit of the shoulder, and is a large, somewhat triangular or oblong process, flattened from behind forward, projecting at first laterally, and then curving forward and upward, so as to overhang the glenoid process. Movements of the scapula are made by the various scapular muscles attaching to it.

 

Scapula Movements:

  • Elevation

  • Depression

  • Protraction (abduction)

  • Retraction (adduction)

  • Upward (lateral) rotation

  • Downward (medial) rotation

  • Anterior Tipping

  • Posterior Tipping

It articulates with the humerus and the clavicle bones to perform these various movements. Its’ function is to allow the movement of the upper body limbs.


Scapula Borders:

  • The superior border is the shortest and thinnest; it is concave, and extends from the medial angle to the base of the coracoid process. It is referred to as the cranial border in animal.

  • The axillary border (or “lateral border”) is the thickest of the three. It begins above the lower margin of the glenoid cavity, and inclines obliquely (slanted at an angle) downward and backward to the inferior angle. It is referred to as the caudal border in animals.

  • The vertebral border (or “medial Border”) is the longest of the three, and extends from the medial to the inferior angle. It is referred to as the dorsal border in animals.

 

Scapula Angles:

  • The superior angle is covered by the trapezius.

  • The inferior angle is covered by the latissimus dorsi. It moves forward round the chest when the arm is abducted.

  • The lateral or glenoid angle is broad and bears the glenoid cavity or fossa, which is directed forward, laterally and slightly upwards.

 

The acromion forms the summit of the shoulder, and is a large, somewhat triangular or oblong process, flattened from behind forward, projecting at first laterally, and then curving forward and upward, so as to overhang the glenoid process. Movements of the scapula are made by the various scapular muscles attaching to it.

 

Scapula Movements:

  • Elevation

  • Depression

  • Protraction (abduction)

  • Retraction (adduction)

  • Upward (lateral) rotation

  • Downward (medial) rotation

  • Anterior Tipping

  • Posterior Tipping

It articulates with the humerus and the clavicle bones to perform these various movements. Its’ function is to allow the movement of the upper body limbs.

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