Anatomic.us > Digestive System > Stomach

Duodenum

The duodenum is the first part of the small intestines. It connects to the stomach at the pylorus. It is the first, shortest, and widest part of the small instestines. It is approximately 9 to 11 inches (25 cm) in length with a horseshoe-shape that extends from the pylorus to the duodenojejunal junction. It is the place where the absorption of nutrients from partially digested food (chyme) which has passed through the pyloric sphincter begins. Glands in the duodenal wall start to trigger the release of pancreas-.stimulating hormones.

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Duodenum

The duodenum is divided into four parts :

  • Superior

  • Descending

  • Horizontal

  • Ascending

The following is a list of each segment of the duodenum and how they relate anatomically to other major structures and vital organs of the body.

Superior Duodenum:  

  • Extends from pylorus to right, under quadrate lobe of liver to neck of gallbladder, where it bends sharply inferiorly.

  • Nearly completely covered by peritoneum except at neck of gallbladder.

  • Hepatoduodenal ligament attached to upper border.

  • Related above and anteriorly to liver and gallbladder; posteriorly to gastroduodenal artery; bile duct, and portal vein; below and posteriorly to pancreas.

Descending Duodenum:

  • Extends from the level of neck of gallbladder at first lumbar vertebra, along right side of vertebral column to upper body of L3.

  • Covered anteriorly by peritoneum, except where crossed by transverse mesocolon.

  • Related posteriorly to medial surface of right kidney and structures at its’ hilum, inferior vena cava, and psoas major muscle; anteriorly to liver, transverse colon, coils of jejunum; medially to head of pancreas and bile duct; and laterally to right colic flexure.

  • Bile duct and main pancreatic duct pierce wall about 7 cm below pylorus; accessory pancreatic duct is 2 cm superior to this.

Horizontal:

  • Passes from right to left at level of L3 vertebral body.

  • Covered anteriorly by peritoneum, except near midline, where crossed by superior mesenteric vessels.

  • Related anteriorly to superior mesenteric vessels, which cross it; posteriorly to right crus of diaphragm ,inferior vena cava, and aorta; and superiorly to pancreas.

 

Ascending:

  • RIses superiorly to left of aorta to upper border of L2, where it turns sharply anteriorly as the duodenojejunal flexure.

The duodenum is an endocrine organ, with secretion of secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) in response to arrival of gastric acid and ingested fats. These hormones signal the hepatobiliary system to release bile. The descending part of duodenum receives the bile, pancreatic and accessory pancreatic ducts.

 


The duodenum is divided into four parts :

  • Superior

  • Descending

  • Horizontal

  • Ascending

The following is a list of each segment of the duodenum and how they relate anatomically to other major structures and vital organs of the body.

Superior Duodenum:  

  • Extends from pylorus to right, under quadrate lobe of liver to neck of gallbladder, where it bends sharply inferiorly.

  • Nearly completely covered by peritoneum except at neck of gallbladder.

  • Hepatoduodenal ligament attached to upper border.

  • Related above and anteriorly to liver and gallbladder; posteriorly to gastroduodenal artery; bile duct, and portal vein; below and posteriorly to pancreas.

Descending Duodenum:

  • Extends from the level of neck of gallbladder at first lumbar vertebra, along right side of vertebral column to upper body of L3.

  • Covered anteriorly by peritoneum, except where crossed by transverse mesocolon.

  • Related posteriorly to medial surface of right kidney and structures at its’ hilum, inferior vena cava, and psoas major muscle; anteriorly to liver, transverse colon, coils of jejunum; medially to head of pancreas and bile duct; and laterally to right colic flexure.

  • Bile duct and main pancreatic duct pierce wall about 7 cm below pylorus; accessory pancreatic duct is 2 cm superior to this.

Horizontal:

  • Passes from right to left at level of L3 vertebral body.

  • Covered anteriorly by peritoneum, except near midline, where crossed by superior mesenteric vessels.

  • Related anteriorly to superior mesenteric vessels, which cross it; posteriorly to right crus of diaphragm ,inferior vena cava, and aorta; and superiorly to pancreas.

 

Ascending:

  • RIses superiorly to left of aorta to upper border of L2, where it turns sharply anteriorly as the duodenojejunal flexure.

The duodenum is an endocrine organ, with secretion of secretin and cholecystokinin (CCK) in response to arrival of gastric acid and ingested fats. These hormones signal the hepatobiliary system to release bile. The descending part of duodenum receives the bile, pancreatic and accessory pancreatic ducts.

 

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