Cranium
Neurocranium forms the bony case of the brain. It encloses brain, its coverings, the blood vessels supplying the parts of brain and the terminal parts of cranial nerves. Neurocranium consists of series of eight bones. Four of these are unpaired and flat. Others are present in the form of pairs of two. The unpaired bones are The paired bones are present as bilateral pairs that is, one on the each side of the bony case of brain. Neurocranium is itself divided into two parts. Calvaria- the dome like roof of the brain forming skull cap. Basicranium- the base of the cranium consisting of irregular bones.
Viscerocranium forms the facial skeleton. It is consisted of facial bones derived from the mesenchyme of the embryonic pharyngeal arches. It forms the anterior part of the cranium and consisted of total fifteen irregular bones. Three of these are unpaired present at the centre and others are present in the form of pairs present bilaterally. The paired bones are Mandible Ethmoid Vomer Other bones are present in the form of six pairs named: All these bones surround the orbits, nasal openings and mouth. Several of the bones of skull contain cavities that have air inside them. Such bones are called Pneumatized bones. Their function is to decrease the weight of the skull and provide resonance to the voice. These sinuses are mostly involved in the pathologies in the conditions like common cold. These sinuses include
NEUROCRANIUM
VISCEROCRANIUM
AIR SINUSES
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